In what scenario is a pilot most likely to experience the effects of wind shear?

Wind shear refers to a sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance, which can pose significant challenges for pilots, particularly during critical phases of flight. The most likely scenario for experiencing wind shear is during the landing and takeoff phases.

During these phases, an aircraft is closer to the ground, where wind conditions can be more variable due to terrain, buildings, and other obstacles. These factors can create turbulent airflows and abrupt wind shifts. Additionally, during takeoff and landing, aircraft are more susceptible to the effects of wind shear because they operate at lower speeds and altitudes, making any sudden changes in airspeed or altitude more significant.

In contrast, wind shear is less likely to affect a pilot when cruising at high altitudes or above 10,000 feet MSL, as these altitudes typically involve more stable atmospheric conditions and winds that tend to be more consistent. Stable weather conditions further reduce the likelihood of encountering wind shear, as the forces that create such phenomena are often associated with unstable air masses and significant weather events.

Therefore, the landing and takeoff phases are critical times for pilots to be alert for wind shear, as the consequences of encountering it can be particularly acute during these integral moments of flight operation.